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Imperialism / Imperialismus - Referat
1. DEFINITION:
Imperialism is the try of one country, to get more and more authority and influence about other countries, especially to have the power to rule the world, either through direct territorial conquest or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries.
Imperialism is another modern word for colonisation.
2. REASONS:
The responsible people for the Colonialism were missionaries, businessmen, settlers, soldiers, researchers, journalists and bankers which represent:
• Scientific motives
• Humanitarian motives
• Economic motive
The most important things for imperialism were the economic motives:
In the antiquity the interests were:
• slave trade
• The extraction of raw material
In the modern times the interests were:
 Extraction of new opportunities capital investments
 Creation of markets
Because of the opportunity of cheap production with cheap workers, a lot of different products could be imported into the motherland with very low prices.
Another good thing was the loss of the middle-trade, which leads to an complete dependence to the motherland.
• Personal motives:
Another very important aspect was, without a doubt, to show the others that you are mightier and more successful than they are.
3. AIMS OF THE COLONY STATES :
For Great Brittan, the Imperialism was a certain program to stable the instable British Empire.
For Germany the Imperialism was the desire of extension of the so called “bismarckschen” nation states to world power.
For Italy it was a desire to restore the old-roman Mediterranean-Sea-Rule.
In the present, the Imperialism developed by the sowjet-rule, which leaded to a release of slavery.
This was a good excuse for the USA to fox the economic influence.
4. THE SUBDIVISION OF THE WORLD:
The main locations of the Imperialism were Africa, Asia and the pacific islands. The biggest colony state was Great Brittan. The British empire existed out of many areas which were placed all over the world. In the 19th century it overtakes a quarter of the land area of the whole world and also a quarter of the human being. It was the biggest empire ever, and even four and a half times bigger than the roman-empire.
5. THE SUBDIVISION OF AFRICA:
Between 1870 and 1940, Africa was taken over from the imperialistic forces, to the whole. This is a very good example for the competitions between the colonies.
ENGLAND……tried to conquer the continent from the south to the north, but this didn’t work, because the German empire stopped them.
So they just get the countries:
Egypt, “Anglo–Egypt” Sudan, Nigeria, Uganda, Kenya, Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, Gambia, “the gold-coast” and the South African Union.
FRANCE………conquered almost the whole north of Africa which included the following states:
the French Africa, Madagascar, French-Equatorial-Africa, French-Aden and French-Guyana.
The German Empire didn’t get any possession of Africa’s land, because the German dreams were destroyed by the English people.
Step by step many colonies tried to conquer parts of Africa, but in the end, there were just two states: LIBERIA and ETHIOPIA
6. THE SUBDIVISION OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS:
In the time of the sailing ships the islands were very important stations to refill the food- and water-stocks.
Later on they were very important coal stations.
In 1853 France got
Newcalidonia.
In 1885 Great Brittan and the German empire divided the east of New Guinea.
In 1898 The USA got Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Hawaii.
In 1899 Spain sold the island Palau, the Marianen and the Carolinen to the german empire.
At the same time a lot of scientists had a big desire to research the unknown parts of Europe.
7. THE SPECIAL POSITION OF RUSSIA:
Russia did a special form of Imperialism.
Meanwhile the European national states were fighting about islands and colonies, Russia increased to the east.
Russia grew bigger and bigger until it got an empire as far as the Pacific Ocean. Later on they conquered areas around the Baltic Sea and areas in the north of the Black Sea.
In the following two centuries Russia also got nearly the whole north of Asia.
8. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE IMPERIALISM:
Within a view years, the Colonialism destroyed old cultures witch were developed over thousands of years, but not with the thought of exploiting colonies and humans. The peoples of the colonies should have shared the religion, social and economic views of the colonial empires. The belief in the superiority of the western civilization leaded to misunderstanding by the natives.
The meaning of colonization was development and not exploitation.
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