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Taj Mahal - Referat
TAJ MAHAL
The Taj Mahal is in the area of the Mughal Empire.
Today it’s in the federal state Uttar Pradeshs in India. It’s in Agra, one and a half hours by express train from New Delhi.
This area is also famous for his ruins of the red sandstone fortress, which was built by the Mughal emperors. The Taj Mahal is India’s most famous architectural wonder.
It’s a very exceptional building, because usually there are magnificent temples and edifices abound in this area.
Taj Mahal means “Crown Palace” and is the most beautiful tomb in the world.
The beautiful Palace was built by the fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, in 1631. The reason to build the Taj Mahal was his second wife, Mumtaz Mahal, a Muslim Persian princess.
She died at the birth of her 14th child in 1630. It should be a symbol of eternal love. Shah Jahan got ready 32 million Rupees for the monument. The name Taj Mahal is derived from her nickname Mumtaz Mahal: pearl or crown of the palace. She was 36 years old and married to Shah Jahan over 17 years.
The Taj Mahal was designed by the Iranian architect, Ustad Ira. The construction of it was very difficult. Twenty thousand people were employed to work on it.
The workers came from Delhi, Quannauj, Lahore and Multan. Also craftsmen from Turkey worked on many special tasks. The material (mostly white marble and red sandstone) was brought in from all over India and central Asia. 1.000 elephants transported it to the site. The workers had to build many simple buildings, churches and a 300 metres wide garden. The portal of the Taj Mahal is out of sandstone and marble.
The craftsmen used diamonds, garnet, sapphire and onyx to decorate the walls with flowers. In the garden are many cypresses and little ponds. The dome of the Taj Mahal is 73 metres high. In the centre of it, is the grave of Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
1653 the great palace was completed. It took 22 years.
1666 Shah Jahan died, but nevertheless the Taj Mahal still exists today. Since 1983 it’s one of the UNESCO world’s heritages.
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